diff --git a/build.sbt b/build.sbt
index 271f169..83ae7c2 100644
--- a/build.sbt
+++ b/build.sbt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-val scala3: String = "3.8.2"
+val scala3: String = "3.8.3"
 
 ThisBuild / scalaVersion  := scala3
 ThisBuild / versionScheme := Some("semver-spec")
diff --git a/modules/core/src/main/scala/gs/graph/v0/SCC.scala b/modules/core/src/main/scala/gs/graph/v0/SCC.scala
index c0669f4..b768de2 100644
--- a/modules/core/src/main/scala/gs/graph/v0/SCC.scala
+++ b/modules/core/src/main/scala/gs/graph/v0/SCC.scala
@@ -6,8 +6,51 @@ import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer
 import scala.collection.mutable.Stack
 
 /** Represents a _Strongly Connected Component_ (SCC).
+  *
+  * Each SCC is guaranteed to be non-empty.
   */
-opaque type SCC = Vector[Vertex]
+final class SCC private (val value: Set[Vertex]):
+
+  /** @inheritDocs
+    */
+  override def equals(obj: Any): Boolean =
+    obj match
+      case other: SCC => value.iterator.sameElements(other.value)
+      case _          => false
+
+  /** @inheritDocs
+    */
+  override def hashCode(): Int = value.hashCode()
+
+  /** @inheritDocs
+    */
+  override def toString(): String =
+    val sb = StringBuilder()
+    sb.append("[")
+    sb.append(value.mkString(","))
+    sb.append("]")
+    sb.toString()
+
+  /** @return
+    *   The number of vertices contained by this SCC.
+    */
+  def size: Int = value.size
+
+  /** @return
+    *   True if this SCC contains a single vertex.
+    */
+  def isSingle: Boolean = value.size == 1
+
+  /** @return
+    *   The set of vertices in the SCC.
+    */
+  def vertices: Set[Vertex] = value
+
+  /** Retrieve an arbitrary SCC member as the root vertex.
+    */
+  lazy val root: Vertex = value.toList.head
+
+end SCC
 
 object SCC:
 
@@ -20,32 +63,38 @@ object SCC:
     * @return
     *   The new SCC.
     */
-  def apply(value: Seq[Vertex]): SCC = value.distinct.toVector
+  def apply(value: Vertex*): SCC =
+    if value.isEmpty then
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+        "Empty strongly connected components (SCC) are not allowed."
+      )
+    else new SCC(value.toSet)
+
+  def of(value: Int*): SCC =
+    if value.isEmpty then
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+        "Empty strongly connected components (SCC) are not allowed."
+      )
+    else new SCC(value.map(Vertex.apply).toSet)
+
+  /** Instantiate a new SCC that contains a single [[Vertex]].
+    *
+    * @param value
+    *   The input vertex.
+    * @return
+    *   The new SCC.
+    */
+  def single(value: Vertex): SCC = new SCC(Set(value))
 
   given CanEqual[SCC, SCC] = CanEqual.derived
 
-  extension (scc: SCC)
-    /** @return
-      *   The underlying value of this SCC.
-      */
-    def unwrap(): Vector[Vertex] = scc
-
-    /** @return
-      *   The vertices contained by this SCC.
-      */
-    def vertices: Vector[Vertex] = scc
-
-    /** @return
-      *   The number of vertices contained by this SCC.
-      */
-    def size: Int = scc.size
-
-    /** @return
-      *   True if this SCC contains a single vertex.
-      */
-    def isSingle: Boolean = scc.size == 1
-
   /** Alias for `findAll`.
+    *
+    * Implementation of Tarjan's Algorithm for finding all strongly connected
+    * components for some graph.
+    *
+    * This algorithm captures directed cycles. Any vertex not part of some
+    * directed cycle (e.g. every node in a DAG) forms an SCC by itself.
     *
     * @param g
     *   The graph to analyze.
@@ -57,6 +106,9 @@ object SCC:
   /** Implementation of Tarjan's Algorithm for finding all strongly connected
     * components for some graph.
     *
+    * This algorithm captures directed cycles. Any vertex not part of some
+    * directed cycle (e.g. every node in a DAG) forms an SCC by itself.
+    *
     * @param g
     *   The graph to analyze.
     * @return
@@ -143,14 +195,22 @@ object SCC:
         sccVertex = s.pop()
 
       scc.addOne(sccVertex)
-      output.addOne(SCC(scc.toVector))
+      if !scc.isEmpty then output.addOne(new SCC(scc.toSet))
+      else println("ERROR")
     else ()
 
-  final private class Counter(var i: Int = 0):
+  /** Mutable state wrapper around an integer.
+    *
+    * @param i
+    *   The integer value.
+    */
+  final private class Counter(var i: Int):
 
     def increment(): Unit =
       i += 1
 
     def get(): Int = i
 
+  end Counter
+
 end SCC
diff --git a/modules/core/src/main/scala/gs/graph/v0/UndirectedGraph.scala b/modules/core/src/main/scala/gs/graph/v0/UndirectedGraph.scala
index d7e9618..211d621 100644
--- a/modules/core/src/main/scala/gs/graph/v0/UndirectedGraph.scala
+++ b/modules/core/src/main/scala/gs/graph/v0/UndirectedGraph.scala
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class UndirectedGraph(
     SCC.findAll(this)
 
   private def oneRootFromEachSCC(sccs: List[SCC]): List[Vertex] =
-    sccs.map(_.vertices.apply(0))
+    sccs.map(_.root)
 
 end UndirectedGraph
 
diff --git a/modules/core/src/test/scala/gs/graph/v0/TarjansTests.scala b/modules/core/src/test/scala/gs/graph/v0/TarjansTests.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5ec1e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/core/src/test/scala/gs/graph/v0/TarjansTests.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package gs.graph.v0
+
+import gs.graph.v0.directed.Digraph
+import munit.*
+
+class TarjansTests extends FunSuite:
+
+  test("should provide basic SCC representation") {
+    val v0 = Vertex.Zero
+    val v1 = Vertex(1)
+    val v2 = Vertex(2)
+    val s1 = SCC(v0)
+    val s2 = SCC(v0, v1, v2)
+    val s3 = SCC(v0)
+
+    assertEquals(s1, s3)
+    assertNotEquals(s1, s2)
+    assertEquals(s2.value, Set(v0, v1, v2))
+    assertEquals(s2.vertices, Set(v0, v1, v2))
+    assertEquals(s2.size, 3)
+    assertEquals(s2.isSingle, false)
+    assertEquals(s1.isSingle, true)
+  }
+
+  test("should produce an empty list of SCCs for an empty graph") {
+    val g    = UndirectedGraph.Empty
+    val sccs = SCC.tarjan(g)
+    val alt  = SCC.findAll(g)
+    assertEquals(sccs, Nil)
+    assertEquals(alt, Nil)
+  }
+
+  test(
+    "should produce a list of once SCC with one vertex for a graph with one vertex"
+  ) {
+    val g        = Graph.undirected(Size.One)
+    val sccs     = SCC.findAll(g)
+    val expected = SCC.single(Vertex.Zero)
+    assertEquals(sccs, List(expected))
+  }
+
+  /** Each vertex of a DAG is an SCC.
+    */
+  test("should identify a single SCC for a single 'line' of vertices") {
+    val n = Size(3)
+
+    // 0 -> 1 -> 2
+    val g = Digraph.fromAdjacency(
+      Adjacency.fromEdges(
+        n,
+        List(
+          Edge(0, 1),
+          Edge(1, 2)
+        )
+      )
+    )
+
+    val sccs = SCC.findAll(g)
+    assertEquals(g.roots, Vector(Vertex.Zero))
+    assertEquals(sccs.toSet, Set(SCC.of(0), SCC.of(1), SCC.of(2)))
+  }
+
+end TarjansTests
diff --git a/project/build.properties b/project/build.properties
index 08a6fc0..df061f4 100644
--- a/project/build.properties
+++ b/project/build.properties
@@ -1 +1 @@
-sbt.version=1.12.8
+sbt.version=1.12.9